(121) SITHARA N.S. AND OTHERS Vs. SAI RAM GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 12-12-2025 Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — Section 166 — Claim Petition — Standard of Proof — In motor vehicle accident claims, the standard of proof is based on preponderance of probabilities, not proof beyond reasonable doubt — However, claimants must establish three elements: (i) occurrence of accident; (ii) involvement of the specific offending vehicle; and (iii) rash and negligent act of the driver — Mere occurrence of India Law Library Docid # 2436751
(122) RANCHI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION AND ANOTHER Vs. SURESH TIRKEY AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 12-12-2025 Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011 — Section 606 — Encroachment on municipal property — Interpretation — Section 606 prohibits encroachment or obstruction on "any municipal property" and includes "such as a street or footpath or park" by way of elucidation — The provision is not confined only to streets, footpaths, or parks; it covers all municipal property — High Court Division Bench erred in restricting the India Law Library Docid # 2437509
(123) LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA AND ANOTHER Vs. VITA[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 11-12-2025 Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorised Occupants) Act, 1971 — Scope and Applicability — Overriding Effect over State Rent Control Legislations — Whether PP Act 1971 prevails over State Rent Control Acts (such as Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999 or Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958) regarding eviction from 'Public Premises' defined under Section 2(e) — Both PP Act 1971 and State Rent Control Acts are India Law Library Docid # 2436681
(124) PRADEEP ARORA AND OTHERS Vs. DIRECTOR, HEALTH DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF MAHARASHTRA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 11-12-2025 Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 — Prevention and Containment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Regulations, 2020 (Maharashtra) — Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY) Package: Insurance Scheme for Health Workers Fighting COVID-19 — Insurance Claim — Eligibility — Requisition of Services — Private medical practitioners — Interpretation of "requisition" in the context of pandemic India Law Library Docid # 2436682
(125) JOTHI @ NAGAJOTHI Vs. THE STATE, REP. BY THE INSPECTOR OF POLICE[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 11-12-2025 Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) — Sections 8(c) read with 20(b)(ii)(C) and 29(1) — Conviction for possession of commercial quantity of ganja (23.500 kg) and conspiracy — Appeal against concurrent findings of lower courts — Absence of independent witnesses — Failure to secure independent witnesses is not fatal to the prosecution case, especially under the NDPS Act, if the India Law Library Docid # 2436683
(126) CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Vs. DAYAMOY MAHATO ETC.[SUPREME COURT OF INDA] 11-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), 1973 — Section 436-A — Applicability — Undertrial detention exceeding half of maximum sentence — Section 436-A mandates release of undertrial prisoners who have undergone detention extending up to one-half of maximum period of imprisonment specified for the offence, unless further detention is ordered with reasons — Exception: This provision is explicitly India Law Library Docid # 2436684
(127) KAPIL WADHAWAN Vs. CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 11-12-2025 Criminal Procedure – Bail Jurisprudence – Fundamental Principles for Grant of Bail – "Bail is the rule and jail is an exception" entrenched in criminal jurisprudence and constitutional guarantee of personal liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution of India – Presumption of innocence mandates that pre-trial incarceration should not degenerate into punishment – Courts must intervene when prolonged custody becomes disproportionate, arbitrary, or excessive. India Law Library Docid # 2437400
(128) DR. SOHAIL MALIK Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act) — Section 11 — Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) — Jurisdiction against employee of different department — The ICC constituted at the workplace/department of the "aggrieved woman" has jurisdiction to entertain and inquire into a complaint of sexual harassment against a "respondent" India Law Library Docid # 2436626
(129) NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Vs. ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Income Tax Act, 1961 — Section 36(1)(viii) — Deduction for profits derived from the business of providing long-term finance — Scope and Interpretation of "derived from" — The amendment by Finance Act, 1995, intentionally narrowed the scope of deduction from "total income" to "profits derived from such business of providing long-term finance" to prevent corporations from claiming benefits on diversified income, thereby "ring-fencing" the fiscal benefit India Law Library Docid # 2436627
(130) THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL Vs. ANIL KUMAR DEY[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (PC Act) — Section 18A — PC Act read with Criminal Law Amendment Ordinance, 1944 — Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 102 — Seizure vs. Attachment/Confiscation of Property — Whether power of police officer to freeze accounts under Section 102 CrPC is co-existent or mutually exclusive with the machinery for attachment under Section 18A India Law Library Docid # 2436628
(131) MOHAN LAL FATEHPURIA Vs. M/S BHARAT TEXTILES AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 — Sections 29A(1), 29A(4), 29A(6), 23(4) — Time limit for arbitral award — Termination of mandate — Substitution of Arbitrator — Section 29A aims for time-bound disposal of arbitration proceedings — An award in non-international commercial arbitration must be made within twelve months from completion of pleadings (Section 23(4)) — If the award is not made India Law Library Docid # 2436629
(132) M/S. SHRI KARSHNI ALLOYS PRIVATE LIMITED Vs. RAMAKRISHNAN SADASIVAN[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) — Section 62 — Liquidation Process — Sale of Assets — Appeals against NCLAT majority decision confirming forfeiture of amount paid by bidder — Private sale requiring Adjudicating Authority's prior approval — Regulation 33(2)(d) of IBBI (Liquidation Process) Regulations, 2016 — Where liquidator seeks NCLT approval for private sale after failed auctions India Law Library Docid # 2436630
(133) M/S. SARASWATI WIRE AND CABLE INDUSTRIES Vs. MOHAMMAD MOINUDDIN KHAN AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 — Section 9 — Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) — Application by Operational Creditor — Pre-existing Dispute — Adjudicating authority must determine if operational debt exists, if non-payment has occurred, and if a dispute existed prior to the demand notice (Section 8) — Dispute must be genuine, substantial, and not spurious, hypothetical, or illusory India Law Library Docid # 2436631
(134) VINEETA SRINANDAN Vs. HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ON ITS OWN MOTION[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 — Sections 2(c), 12, 19 — Criminal Contempt — Power to Punish and Forgive — The power to punish for contempt carries the concomitant power to forgive when the contemnor demonstrates genuine remorse and repentance, making the extension of mercy an integral part of judicial conscience — Contempt jurisdiction is neither a personal armour for Judges nor a sword to silence India Law Library Docid # 2436632
(135) THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH THR. ITS SECRETARY AND OTHERS Vs. JYOTI BHUSHAN MISHRA AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Forest Law — Exchange of Land — Validity and Consequences — Agricultural land exchanged with forest land in 1965 with State Government approval — Forest Department planted trees and maintained continuous, uninterrupted possession for over 20 years — Subsequent sale of exchanged forest land by original farmers to third parties (respondents) held void ab initio by the State — High Court erred by not considering the legal status of the land and relevant notifications and documents India Law Library Docid # 2437399
(136) RATTANINDIA POWER LIMITED Vs. MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION COMPANY LIMITED AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Electricity Act, 2003 — Section 125 — Appeal to Supreme Court — Scope of Judicial Review — Appeal against Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL) order denying compounding interest on Carrying Cost (for Change in Law compensation) — APTEL's powers under Section 111(6) (suo motu) vs. Supreme Court's powers under Section 125 — Supreme Court's power under Section 125 is invoked by an aggrieved person on grounds under Section 100 CPC; unlike APTEL, Supreme Court India Law Library Docid # 2437483
(137) MANEETA SINGH AND OTHERS Vs. VIRENDRA PRATAP SINGH AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — Compensation — Enhancement — Quantum of Income — Deceased engaged in videography and computer mixing work — High Court adopted notional income of Rs. 48,000/- per annum — Supreme Court found it reasonable to accept the income claimed by the appellants (Rs. 7,000/- per month), considering the incremental increase allowed in precedents like Pranay Sethi, which India Law Library Docid # 2437506
(138) M/S V. P. PATEL AND BROTHERS Vs. LAXMI COMPLEX COMMERCIAL PREMISES COOP. SOCIETY LTD. AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Maharashtra Ownership Flats (Regulation of the Promotion of Construction, Sale, Management and Transfer) Act, 1963 (MOFA), Sections 11(3), 11(4) — Maharashtra Ownership Flats (Regulation of the Promotion of Construction, Sale Management and Transfer) Rules, 1964, Rule 9 — Unilateral Deemed Conveyance — Competent Authority — Requirements — The Act enables a flat owner society to seek a India Law Library Docid # 2437507
(139) JUVENILE IN CONFLICT WITH LAW AA Vs. STATE OF RAJASTHAN[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 10-12-2025 Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 — Section 12 — Bail — Juvenile in conflict with law — Mandate that bail is the rule and denial is the exception for juveniles — High Court erred in rejecting bail, overlooking the social investigation report which recommended rehabilitation in the family and did not disclose reason for association with bad company — Bail granted to juvenile without India Law Library Docid # 2437515
(140) X Vs. LORD ADVOCATE[UNITED KINGDOM SUPREME COURT] 10-12-2025 Crown Proceedings Act 1947 — Section 2(1)(a) — Vicarious Liability of the Crown — Delict (Tort) — Basis of Liability — The Act subjects the Crown to vicarious liability for delicts committed by its servants or agents, placing the Crown in the same position as "a private person of full age and capacity" — This statutory provision is not self-contained but incorporates the common law on vicarious liability, including the modern expanded test that liability extends to relationships "akin to India Law Library Docid # 2437980