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(161) RAMPAT AZAD (R.P. AZAD) Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-05-2025
Service Law – Appointment – Junior Field Officer (JFO) – Initial appointment as Group B, Non-Gazetted JFO in the pay scale of Rs. 550-900 (pre-revised) under a temporary plan scheme on ad-hoc basis, without claim to regular appointment. (Para 2)

B. Service Law – Redesignation and Downgrading – Junior
India Law Library Docid # 2425906

(162) SMT. SHAIFALI GUPTA Vs. SMT. VIDYA DEVI GUPTA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-05-2025
Civil Procedure Code, 1908 — Order 7 Rule 11 — Rejection of plaint — Maintainability of suit — Challenged on grounds of Benami Transaction (Prohibition) Act, 1988 and Hindu Succession Act, 1956 — Application moved by subsequent purchasers, not principal defendants — Principle: For rejecting a plaint under Order VII Rule 11(d), it must appear demonstrably without doubt or dispute from the plaint averments that the suit is barred by statute — If maintainability depends on disputed questions of fac
India Law Library Docid # 2425907

(163) RAMJI PRASAD JAISWAL @ RAMJEE PRASAD JAISWAL AND OTHERS Vs. STATE OF BIHAR[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-05-2025
Criminal Law — Trial — Examination of accused u/s 313 CrPC — Purpose — Essential for accused to explain incriminating circumstances — Failure to put specific, material incriminating evidence to accused in u/s 313 examination is a serious irregularity — Non-compliance with u/s 313 causes serious prejudice unless non-compliance does not result in miscarriage of justice — Courts must ordinarily exclude from consideration material circumstances not put
India Law Library Docid # 2425908

(164) RAJNI Vs. STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-05-2025
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 — Section 2(33), 15, 18(3), 19(1), 94(2) & (3), 111(1) — Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007 — Rule 12(3) — Presumption and determination of age — Procedure for age determination under Section 94(2) JJ Act, 2015 (similar to Rule 12(3) JJ Rules, 2007) mandates reliance on specified documentary evidence (school certificate/matriculation, then birth
India Law Library Docid # 2425909

(165) ALL INDIA JUDGES ASSOCIATION AND OTHERS Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-05-2025
Judicial Service — Higher Judicial Service — Promotion — Limited Departmental Competitive Examination (LDCE) — Quota increase — Historical evolution — Initially 25% quota for LDCE based on Shetty Commission recommendations and Third AIJA Case — Reduced to 10% in Fourth AIJA Case due to unfilled vacancies and lack of sufficient eligible candidates — Restoring LDCE quota to 25% will incentivize meritorious Civil Judges (Senior Division) for accelerated promotion; provided unfilled seats revert to
India Law Library Docid # 2425910

(166) UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS Vs. MEGHA TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-05-2025
Railways — Penal Freight — Excess Weightage — Imposition without hearing — High Court's view that opportunity of hearing mandatory before imposing penalty for excess weightage is not in conformity with settled principles — Practical difficulties in conducting mini-trial at offloading site
India Law Library Docid # 2426250

(167) UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS Vs. NO.900224364 CONST/G.D. JAGESHWAR SINGH[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-05-2025
Indo Tibetan Border Police Act, 1992 — Section 11 — Misconduct by Constable — Robbery of cash entrusted for protection — Severity of misconduct in disciplined force — Constable on sentry duty guarding cash box containing significant funds for disbursement to Coy personnel — Alleged act of breaking open Kote lock, taking cash, concealing box, and absconding — Incident reported, FIR filed, Court of Enquiry conducted — Guilt established based on multiplicity
India Law Library Docid # 2426251

(168) UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS Vs. KESANG DORJEE AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-05-2025
Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act, 1952 — Section 3 — Requisition of Property — Public Purpose — Indian Army taking possession of land near Line of Actual Control for public purpose of the Union — Possession taken in purported exercise of powers under Section 3 of the Act, which allows requisition for necessary public purposes. (Paras 3, 7, 13)

B. Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act, 1952 — Section 4 — Taking Physical Possession — Authority vested wi
India Law Library Docid # 2426253

(169) WE THE WOMEN OF INDIA Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-05-2025
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 — Objectives and Constitutional Basis — Enacted to provide effective protection to women victims of domestic violence, furthering the rights guaranteed under the Constitution, particularly Article 15(3) for the protection of women.
India Law Library Docid # 2426258

(170) UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS Vs. MEGHA TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-05-2025
Railways Act, 1989 — Penal Freight — Excess Weight — Requirement of Hearing — Full Bench of High Court holding prior hearing is mandatory before imposing penal freight for excess weight detected on off-loading challenged — Subsequent compliance by Railways and appropriation of deposited penalty amount render the specific case academic, but general issue of conflicting High Court views remain
India Law Library Docid # 2426443

(171) UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS Vs. NO.900224364 CONST/G.D. JAGESHWAR SINGH[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-05-2025
Service Law — Dismissal from service — Para Military Force — Insensitive Border Area — Sentry Duty — Theft of cash from guarded cash box — Gross misconduct involving moral turpitude — Proportionality of punishment — Principle of proportionality is embedded in constitutionalism (Arts. 14, 16, 21) and forbids arbitrary, vengeful
India Law Library Docid # 2426444

(172) M/S PATANJALI FOODS LIMITED (FORMERLY KNOWN AS M/S RUCHI SOYA INDUSTRIES LTD.) Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-05-2025
Customs Act, 1962 — Section 14(2) — Tariff Value — Notification — Applicability — Dispute arising from import of crude degummed soyabean oil and requirement to pay higher customs duty based on tariff value fixed under Section 14(2) — Contention that relevant notification was not in effect at time of import — High Court initially dismissed challenge to notification and date of effect
India Law Library Docid # 2425836

(173) ROFIQUL HOQUE Vs. THE UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-05-2025
Foreigners Act, 1946 — Section 9 — Burden of Proof — Citizenship — Proceedings before Foreigners Tribunal — Allegations that appellant is a foreigner illegally residing in Assam — Burden on proceedee to prove by cogent documents or evidence that they or their ancestors entered India prior to 25.03.1971.
India Law Library Docid # 2425837

(174) GOPAL DIKSHIT Vs. UNITED INDIA INSURANCE COMPANY LTD.[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-05-2025
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 23 — Appeal against NCDRC order dismissing complaint — House Holder Insurance Policy — Claim for damage due to basement flooding — Repudiation based on “seepage” not being a covered peril — Appellant contends damage due to heavy rain and flooding, a covered peril — Distinction between “seepage” and “flooding” due to heavy rain is crucial — First survey report and expert certificates attribute damage to heavy rainfall and flooding — Second, belated survey r
India Law Library Docid # 2425838

(175) SHIVAPPA REDDY Vs. S. SRINIVASAN[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-05-2025
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 — Section 138 — Dishonour of cheque — Partnership Firm — Liability of Ex-Partner — Retirement — For a registered firm, public notice of retirement under Section 72 of Partnership Act must be given to the Registrar of Firms and by publication in the Official Gazette and a vernacular newspaper — Mere agreement or resignation deed insufficient for discharging ex-partner’s liability unless registered and published — Cheques issued after claimed retirement but before
India Law Library Docid # 2425839

(176) HAKIM Vs. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-05-2025
Penal Code, 1860 — Section 326A and Section 34 — Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc. with common intention — Conviction and Sentence — Concurrent findings by Trial Court and High Court — Scope of interference by Supreme Court in criminal appeal arising from special leave — Principles laid down: interference only in exceptional and special circumstances resulting in substantial and grave injustice; avoids reappraisal unless legal/procedural error, misreading/inconsistency in ev
India Law Library Docid # 2425840

(177) RAVINDER SINGH SIDHU Vs. THE STATE OF PUNJAB AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-05-2025
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 — Section 161 — First Information Report (FIR) — Clubbing/Consolidation — Multiple FIRs in different States concerning similar offences by managing director of a financial company — Petitioner seeking clubbing of FIRs within each State — Prayer for inter-state transfer previously rejected — Court entertained the intra-state clubbing prayer as States did not object — Multiplicity of proceedings against the same accused and involving similar allegations is not in the
India Law Library Docid # 2425841

(178) SHAURABH KUMAR TRIPATHI Vs. VIDHI RAWAL[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-05-2025
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 — Section 12(1) — Application seeking reliefs — Quashing of proceedings — Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 — Section 482 — Inherent powers of High Court — Whether inherent jurisdiction under Section 482 CrPC can be invoked to quash proceedings initiated under Section 12(1) of the DV Act, 2005 — Proceedings before the Magistrate under the DV Act, 2005, predominantly of a civil nature notwithstanding penal provisions — Application under Section 12(
India Law Library Docid # 2425835

(179) IN RE: REFIXATION OF PENSION CONSIDERINGSERVICE PERIOD IN DISTRICT JUDICIARY AND HIGH COURTS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-05-2025
Constitution of India — Article 221 — Salaries etc., of Additional Judges of High Court — Pension — Entitlement — Discrimination — Definition of “Judge” includes Additional Judge — No artificial discrimination in pension entitlement between Permanent Judge and Additional Judge — Both entitled to same basic pension — Status determined by fortuitous circumstances of vacancy availability — Denial of family pension or gratuity to widow/family of Additional Judge is arbitrary — Family pension and gra
India Law Library Docid # 2425843

(180) STATE OF LOKAYUKTHA POLICE, DAVANAGERE (STATE BY LOKAYUKTHA POLICE) Vs. C.B NAGARAJ[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-05-2025
Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 — Sections 7, 13(1)(d) read with 13(2) and 20 — Demand, Acceptance and Recovery — Essential ingredients for conviction — Entire chain beginning from demand, acceptance, and recovery must be completed — Money changing hands not ipso facto presumed to be pursuant to a demand — Where initial demand is suspicious, conviction cannot be sustained even if payment
India Law Library Docid # 2425916