(21) NOVENCO BUILDING AND INDUSTRY A/S Vs. XERO ENERGY ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS PRIVATE LTD. AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 27-10-2025 Commercial Courts Act, 2015 — Section 12A — Pre-Institution Mediation — Expression ‘contemplates any urgent interim relief’ — Interpretation in context of intellectual property rights infringement — Delay in filing suit does not negate urgency in cases of continuing infringement — Urgency must be assessed based on ongoing injury and public interest in preventing deception — High Court erred in India Law Library Docid # 2434482
(22) ATOMBERG TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LTD. Vs. EUREKA FORBES LIMITED AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Patents Act, 1970 — Section 106 — Groundless threat of infringement — Independent cause of action — The suit for groundless threat of infringement under Section 106 of the Patents Act, 1970, has an independent cause of action from a suit for infringement, as a negatory provision present in the earlier 1911 Act was deleted in the 1970 Act. Prior to 1970 Act, a suit for groundless threats would not apply if an India Law Library Docid # 2434052
(23) SANJAY KUMAR MISHRA AND OTHERS Vs. DISTRICT JUDGE, AMBEDKAR NAGAR (U.P.)[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Service Law — Appointment — Vacancies — Advertisement — Increased or decreased vacancies — Rule permitting appointment from wait list — Interpretation of "reasonable dimension" for wait list — Appointments made in excess of advertised vacancies justified if within reasonable period and proportion to notified vacancies, provided specific conditions in rules are met. India Law Library Docid # 2434053
(24) STATE OF RAJASTHAN AND OTHERS Vs. ANISUR RAHMAN[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Service Law — Retirement Age — Parity — Doctors practising allopathy versus indigenous medicine (Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani etc.) — Whether can be treated equally for service conditions, specifically retirement age and pay scales — Supreme Court refers the matter to a larger Bench for an authoritative pronouncement due to divergence of opinion and ambiguity. India Law Library Docid # 2434054
(25) RAJENDRA BIHARI LAL AND ANOTHER Vs. STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Uttar Pradesh Prohibition of Unlawful Conversion of Religion Act, 2021 — Section 4 (unamended) — Person competent to lodge FIR — Essential Nature — Prohibition Act is a special legislation and its procedure must be followed, overriding general CrPC provisions for FIR registration by police — Prior to 2024 Amendment, Section 4 restricted FIR lodging to aggrieved persons or their relatives by blood, India Law Library Docid # 2434055
(26) PRIDE FORAMER S.A. @ HASH COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Income Tax Act, 1961 — Section 37(1) and Section 71 — Business Expenditure — Carrying on Business — A temporary lull in business or failure to secure a new contract does not amount to cessation of business if the assessee's conduct evinces an intention to continue business, such as through continuous correspondence and bidding for new contracts. India Law Library Docid # 2434056
(27) KOTRESH @ KOTRAPPA Vs. STATE OF KARNATAKA AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Penal Code, 1860 — Section 304 Part-II — Culpable homicide not amounting to murder — Sentence — Appeal against High Court’s reduction of sentence from 10 years to 8 years rigorous imprisonment — Appellant was 20 years old at the time of the incident — Victim was an innocent intervenor — Supreme Court held that the sentence imposed by the High Court was balanced and principled and did not warrant India Law Library Docid # 2434057
(28) KANNAIYA Vs. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Penal Code, 1860 — Section 302 read with Section 34 — Murder — Appeal against conviction — Appellants convicted by trial court and conviction upheld by High Court — Supreme Court re-appreciated evidence — Prosecution relied on two alleged eyewitnesses — One eyewitness, Puniya (PW-12), gave a version contradictory to FIR regarding genesis and place of occurrence; failed to assist victim; India Law Library Docid # 2434058
(29) JANE KAUSHIK Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 and Rules, 2020 — Implementation — Lethargy, apathy, inaction on part of Union and States — Non-state establishments also in cold freeze of compliance — Serious concern — Community faces discrimination, marginalization, scarcity of healthcare, economic opportunities, non-inclusive education policies — Despite recognition of rights in India Law Library Docid # 2434060
(30) MUKESH KUMAR MEHTA @ MITHILESH KUMAR MEHTA AND OTHERS Vs. THE STATE OF JHARKHAND[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Sections 394, 395, and 397 — Robbery and Attempt to Commit Robbery — Conviction and Sentencing — Appeal for suspension of sentence and bail — Appellants convicted by Trial Court for offences under Sections 394, 395, and 397 IPC. High Court confirmed conviction under Section 397 IPC and modified sentence to 8 years rigorous imprisonment, while holding no separate conviction for India Law Library Docid # 2434318
(31) RAJESH SHARMA Vs. THE STATE OF CHHATTISGARH[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 — Sections 298, 299, 296, 115(2), 351(2) & Chhattisgarh Religion Act, 1968 — Section 4 — Bail in anticipation of arrest — Appellant joined investigation as directed by the court — High Court rejected bail application — Supreme Court considered materials on record and found appeal deserving acceptance — Appellant admitted to bail in anticipation of arrest. India Law Library Docid # 2434327
(32) MUNCHUN KHAN Vs. THE STATE OF BIHAR[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Suspension of Sentence — Bail Pending Appeal — Appellant incarcerated for over seven and a half years, appeal pending before High Court for years — Sufficient grounds exist for suspension of sentence and release on bail during appeal pendency — Order of High Court India Law Library Docid # 2434330
(33) RAJEEB KALITA Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Public Interest Litigation — Toilet facilities in Courts and Tribunals — Directions issued for construction, accessibility, and inclusivity of separate toilets for males, females, PwD, and transgender persons — Committees to be formed in High Courts to formulate and implement plans for adequate washrooms, maintenance, and hygiene India Law Library Docid # 2434386
(34) MILIND RAMDAS NIKAM Vs. THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Bail — Grant of — Supreme Court can set aside High Court's order refusing bail and grant bail itself — Factors to consider include nature of allegations and period of incarceration. India Law Library Docid # 2434410
(35) PANJATAN ALI @ PANCHATAN ALI Vs. THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 — Sections 21(C)/29 — Bail application rejected by High Court — Supreme Court grants bail considering the totality of circumstances and the period of custody (since 11.10.2024) — Bail to be granted on terms and conditions fixed by the Trial Court. India Law Library Docid # 2434434
(36) M/S THANVI ASSOCIATES AND ANOTHER Vs. M/S JAI JAGDISH TRANSPORT AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Grant of Bail — Conditions — For the grant of bail, the Court had previously ordered the deposit of 20% of a certain amount. — The petitioner requested more time for this deposit and requested the continuation of the interim bail order until then. — Supreme Court directed the India Law Library Docid # 2434448
(37) SHRAWAN RAI @ SHRAWAN RAY Vs. THE STATE OF BIHAR AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-10-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 438 — Anticipatory Bail — Interim relief granted by directing no coercive steps subject to cooperation with investigation — Supreme Court, in the facts of the case, confirmed interim protection and granted anticipatory bail by releasing the petitioner on furnishing bail bonds and India Law Library Docid # 2434475
(38) ZOHARBEE AND ANOTHER Vs. IMAM KHAN (D) THR. LRS. AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-10-2025 Transfer of Property Act, 1882 — Sections 54, 55 — Agreement to Sell vs. Sale Deed — An agreement to sell by itself does not create any interest or charge on the property. Ownership passes only upon execution of a conveyance (sale deed). An agreement to sell, even with possession, is not a conveyance and does not confer title or transfer interest, except for the limited right under Section 53-A for protection against the transferor. India Law Library Docid # 2434010
(39) LEELAVATHI N. AND OTHERS Vs. THE STATE OF KARNATAKA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-10-2025 Administrative Law — Alternate Remedy — High Court should not entertain writ petitions when an effective alternative remedy is available under law, like before a Tribunal. India Law Library Docid # 2434011
(40) LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL U.P. LUCKNOW AND OTHERS Vs. SUSHIL KUMAR AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-10-2025 Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 226 — Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, Section 156(3) — Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) — Power to direct CBI investigation — Such power must be exercised sparingly, cautiously, and only in exceptional situations to ensure credibility and confidence in investigations, or where the incident has national/international ramifications, or to do complete justice — Routine directions based on mere allegations or subjective lack of confidence in local India Law Library Docid # 2434012