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(1) EHSAAN Vs. STATE OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 20-07-2026
Penal Code, 1860 — Section 376-D — Gang rape — Sentence — Reduction of — Appellant aged 25 years at time of incident having no criminal antecedents — Maintained good conduct in prison over nearly 10 years — State failing to show impossibility of reformation — Sentence of life imprisonment for remainder of natural life modified to statutory minimum of 20 years' rigorous imprisonment with
India Law Library Docid # 2447798

(2) THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL Vs. KADER KHAN[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-07-2026
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 299 — Record of evidence in absence of accused — Scope and applicability — Exception to the rule that a witness must be examined in presence of the accused and to the principle under S. 33, Evidence Act — Being an exception, all prescribed conditions must be strictly complied with — Deposition recorded in absence of an absconding accused admissible against him upon arrest, if
India Law Library Docid # 2447723

(3) M/S TATA STEEL LTD Vs. VARSHA AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-07-2026
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 — Section 31 — 'Clean slate' doctrine — Effect of approved Resolution Plan on claims — Upon approval under S. 31(1), claims provided in the Plan stand frozen and are binding on the Corporate Debtor and all stakeholders — Claims not incorporated in the Plan stand extinguished, withdrawn or abated — Resolution Applicant entitled to commence operations free from unforeseen liabilities
India Law Library Docid # 2447724

(4) LATA Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-07-2026
Railways Act, 1989 — Sections 123(c)(2) and 124A — Compensation on account of untoward incidents — 'No-fault' liability — Accidental falling of a passenger from a running train constitutes an "untoward incident" — Liability under S. 124A arises irrespective of wrongful act, neglect or default of the Railway Administration, subject only to statutory exceptions such as suicide, self-inflicted injury or the passenger's
India Law Library Docid # 2447725

(5) MANI @ SUBRAMANIYAM Vs. STATE REP BY THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 17-07-2026
Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 294(b) — Obscenity — Distinction between "obscene" and "abusive"/"vulgar" language — Test of — Held, to attract S. 294(b) IPC, prosecution must prove: (i) an obscene act done, or obscene word/song/ballad uttered, in or near a public place; and (ii) such act/utterance caused annoyance to others — Word "obscene" undefined under IPC but judicially construed, in the context of S. 292 IPC, to mean material which, taken as a whole, is lascivious, appeals to prurient in
India Law Library Docid # 2447722

(6) VANDANA AGGARWAL Vs. PRATIK GOYAL AND OTHERS[DELHI HIGH COURT] 17-07-2026
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 — S. 3, Expln. II — Domestic Incident Report — Nature and status of — Held, DIR is a document prepared to assist the Magistrate and cannot substitute or supersede the original complaint under S. 12 — Complaint and DIR must be read cumulatively, not in isolation — DIR has no independent legal existence apart from the complaint
India Law Library Docid # 2447729

(7) ANURAG Vs. STATE[DELHI HIGH COURT] 17-07-2026
Penal Code, 1860 — Sections 376(2)(n) and 377 — Rape on false promise of marriage and unnatural sex — Discharge application — Framing of charges sustained — Long-term physical relationship established on alleged false promise of marriage Prosecutrix submitted identity proof during hotel check-ins, and physical relations occurred once more even after she discovered petitioner's marriage to a third party — Petitioner sought discharge claiming a consensual
India Law Library Docid # 2447730

(8) PANKAJ PRAKASH AND ANOTHER Vs. UNITED INDIA INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED AND ANOTHER[DELHI HIGH COURT] 17-07-2026
Civil Procedure Code, 1908 (CPC) — Section 114 and Order 47 Rule 1 — Scope of review jurisdiction — Held, very limited — Maintainable only on discovery of new and important matter/evidence not within knowledge despite due diligence, or mistake/error apparent on the face of the record — Error must be self-evident, not one requiring a long-drawn
India Law Library Docid # 2447731

(9) ASHOK KUMAR AND OTHERS Vs. PREM NATH[DELHI HIGH COURT] 17-07-2026
Civil Procedure Code, 1908 (CPC) —Section 96 & Order 41 Rule 27 — First Appeal and Additional Evidence — Application for additional documents allowed but appeal dismissed on merits — Appellants filed applications under Order 41 Rule 27 CPC to place on record additional documents
India Law Library Docid # 2447732

(10) RAVINDER SONI AND OTHERS Vs. SANATAN DHARAM SABHA HARI MANDIR (REGD.)[DELHI HIGH COURT] 17-07-2026
Civil Procedure Code, 1908 (CPC) — Section 100 — Second Appeal — Interference with concurrent findings of fact — When permissible — The High Court, in a Regular Second Appeal, can only consider and adjudicate upon substantial questions of law arising from the impugned judgment — Where the courts below correctly appreciated facts to observe that the reliefs claimed by the plaintiffs regarding unauthorized construction
India Law Library Docid # 2447733

(11) NIWAS SURENDER KUMAR AND COMPANY Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND ANOTHER[DELHI HIGH COURT] 17-07-2026
Railways Act, 1989 — Section 93 — Scope and nature of statutory liability — Onus of proof — Section 93 fastens a statutory strict liability upon the Railway Administration as an insurer, rather than a mere bailee, to compensate for the loss, destruction, damage, or non-delivery of goods carried — The statutory exceptions carved out under the section do not confer blanket immunity — To escape liability, the burden rests squarely upon the Railways to demonstrably discharge
India Law Library Docid # 2447734

(12) GORDHAN Vs. RAMCHANDRA S/O GANPAT (DECD.) THR. LRS ARJUN AND OTHERS[MADHYA PRADESH HIGH COURT (INDORE BENCH)] 17-07-2026
Civil Procedure Code, 1908 (CPC) — Order 7 Rule 11 — Section 11 — Res Judicata — Suit for declaration, injunction, partition, and mesne profits — Trial court dismissed suit on the ground of res judicata before recording evidence — Held, the issue of res judicata cannot be decided at the stage of Order 7 Rule 11 application as it requires
India Law Library Docid # 2447767

(13) NATIONAL LEGAL SERVICES AUTHORITY Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-07-2026
Constitution of India, 1950 — Articles 21, 32, 14, 142 — Prisoners, rights of — Elderly and terminally ill convicts — Continued incarceration despite advanced age (above 70 years) or terminal illness — Held, imprisonment does not suspend constitutional guarantees of dignity and humane treatment — Right to life under Art.
India Law Library Docid # 2447675

(14) M/S BAJAJ TRADING COMPANY Vs. UNION OF INDIA[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-07-2026
Railways Act, 1989 — Section 93 vis-a-vis S. 97 — Non obstante clause — Effect of — Non obstante clause in S. 97 excludes general obligation of railway administration under S. 93 — Where goods booked at "owner's risk" rate, liability of Railways can be fastened only upon proof of negligence or misconduct on part of railway administration or its servants — General
India Law Library Docid # 2447677

(15) RAHUL S/o. RAMNARAYAN MADANKAR AND ANOTHER Vs. THE NEW INDIA ASSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-07-2026
Compassionate Appointment — Scheme for Compassionate Appointment in Public Sector General Insurance Companies, Cl. 1.1 — Age threshold of 55 years — Employer's delay in scrutiny — Effect — Employee applying for voluntary retirement on medical grounds before attaining 55 years, supported by Government medical certificate, sending reminders before crossing age threshold — Employer
India Law Library Docid # 2447678

(16) BASAMMA AND ANOTHER Vs. GOPARAPPA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-07-2026
Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 226 — Writ of certiorari — Scope and limits of — Certiorari jurisdiction is supervisory, not appellate — High Court cannot review or reweigh evidence, or substitute its own findings for those of subordinate courts — Interference permissible only for errors of jurisdiction, patent illegality, or findings based on no evidence —
India Law Library Docid # 2447676

(17) PRANESH M.K. Vs. A.V. GAYATHRI SHANTHEGOWDA AND OTHERS ETC. ETC.[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-07-2026
Constitution of India, 1950 — Articles 243-R, 171(3)(a) and Part IX-A — Nominated members of Municipalities/Town Panchayats — Voting rights — Art. 243-R read with the proviso to Section 352(1)(b), Karnataka Municipalities Act, 1964, bars nominated members from voting in meetings of the Municipality/Town Panchayat — Held, such nominated members cannot claim voting rights in elections to the Legislative Council either — Constitutional distinction between elected and nominated
India Law Library Docid # 2447726

(18) DABBU @ DEV SONKHARE Vs. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH[MADHYA PRADESH HIGH COURT] 16-07-2026
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Circumstantial evidence — Conviction requires a complete chain of circumstances that are consistent only with the guilt of the accused and exclude every other hypothesis, leaving no reasonable ground for innocence.
India Law Library Docid # 2447765

(19) KHALEEL AND OTHERS Vs. THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH AND OTHERS[MADHYA PRADESH HIGH COURT (GWALIOR BENCH)] 16-07-2026
Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 307 — Attempt to murder — Essential ingredients — Act done with intention or knowledge and under circumstances that would amount to murder if death resulted — Nature of injury is not determinative — Intention is gathered from circumstances, not just consequences.
India Law Library Docid # 2447766

(20) SANJAY SHARMA @ SANJAY BHARDWAJ Vs. KRISHNADHAN KHAWARE AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 15-07-2026
Succession Act, 1925 — Sections 222 and 276 — Probate of Will — Limitation for application — Limitation Act, 1963 — Article 137 — Executor's application for probate of Will filed on 31-8-2005, testator having died about a decade before 7-6-1995 — Courts below rejected it under Or. 7 R. 11 CPC as barred by limitation, treating
India Law Library Docid # 2447641

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